Comparative effectiveness research in observational studies

Predictors of treatment with dialysis modalities in observational studies for comparative effectiveness research.

BACKGROUND The Institute of Medicine has identified the comparative effectiveness of renal replacement therapies as a kidney-related topic among the top 100 national priorities. Given the importance of ensuring internal and external validity, the goal of this study was to identify potential sources of bias in observational studies that compare outcomes with different dialysis modalities. METH...

Correct sampling in observational studies.

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Prospective observational studies to assess comparative effectiveness: the ISPOR good research practices task force report.

OBJECTIVE In both the United States and Europe there has been an increased interest in using comparative effectiveness research of interventions to inform health policy decisions. Prospective observational studies will undoubtedly be conducted with increased frequency to assess the comparative effectiveness of different treatments, including as a tool for "coverage with evidence development," "...

GRACE principles: recognizing high-quality observational studies of comparative effectiveness.

Nonrandomized comparative effectiveness studies contribute to clinical and biologic understanding of treatments by themselves, via subsequent confirmation in a more targeted randomized clinical trial, or through advances in basic science. Although methodological challenges and a lack of accepted principles to assess the quality of nonrandomized studies of comparative effectiveness have limited ...

Using observational studies for comparative effectiveness: finding quality with GRACE.